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Fernando Cortés, the renowned Spanish conquistador, was born in Medellín, Spain, in the region of Extremadura. He arrived in the Americas in 1504, driven by a desire for adventure and wealth. Cortés played a pivotal role in the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, leading a daring expedition in 1519 that ultimately resulted in the defeat of the Aztec ruler Moctezuma II and the fall of the mighty Aztec civilization.