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In 785 CE, Al-Hadi assumed the role of the Caliph, the Muslim religious and political leader. He was the second Abbasid Caliph, succeeding his brother, Al-Mahdi. During his reign, Al-Hadi faced various challenges, including rebellions and conflicts with other factions. He pursued a policy of strengthening central authority and maintaining control over the vast Abbasid Empire, which extended from Spain to Central Asia.