Yes, Barbie was the first doll with an adult body. Before Barbie, dolls were typically made to look like children. Barbie was created in 1959 by Ruth Handler, who was inspired by her daughter's paper dolls. Barbie was designed to be a fashion doll, and her body was modeled after an adult woman.
The Ruth Handler Revolution: A Quiz on the Extraordinary Life of an American Businesswoman and Inventor