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Basic Sciences was the main theme of the 2012 Kyoto Prize awarded to Yoshinori Ohsumi. This prestigious prize recognizes groundbreaking research in advanced technology, basic sciences, and arts and philosophy. Ohsumi's work focused on autophagy, a fundamental cellular process responsible for degrading and recycling damaged organelles and proteins. His discoveries revolutionized our understanding of cellular homeostasis and paved the way for potential therapeutic interventions in various diseases.