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Max Theiler was a South African-born bacteriologist and virologist who is most famous for developing a vaccine against yellow fever. He was born in Pretoria, South Africa, in 1899, and attended the University of Pretoria, where he received a bachelor's degree in medicine in 1921. After graduating, he worked as a medical officer in the South African Army, and later as a research assistant at the University of the Witwatersrand.