Answer
The Euwe Counterattack, named after former World Chess Champion Max Euwe, arises after 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5. It challenges White's control of the center and provokes them into committing their forces prematurely, creating counterattacking opportunities for Black along the d5-square and the open b-file. The opening is characterized by sharp and dynamic play, often leading to exciting and unbalanced positions.