Answer
Alfvén waves are electromagnetic waves that propagate through plasmas. They are named after Hannes Alfvén, who first described them in 1942. Alfvén waves are transverse waves, meaning that the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation. Alfvén waves are an important mechanism for transferring energy and momentum in plasmas. They are also responsible for the aurora borealis and aurora australis.