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George Beadle is renowned for his groundbreaking contributions to genetics, particularly through his collaboration with Edward Tatum in the 1940s. Their research, known as the "one gene-one enzyme" hypothesis, revolutionized our understanding of the relationship between genes and enzymes, laying the foundation for modern molecular biology. Beadle and Tatum's discovery paved the way for significant advancements in genetics and biochemistry, impacting fields such as medicine and agriculture.