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Edward Osborne Wilson, widely known as E.O. Wilson, was a pioneering American biologist and naturalist who revolutionized our understanding of biodiversity, social behaviour in insects, and human interaction with the environment. He made significant contributions to the field of sociobiology and was an advocate for biodiversity conservation. Wilson received numerous accolades and authored influential books, including "Sociobiology: The New Synthesis" and "Half-Earth: Our Planet's Fight for Life".