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Born in Munich, Germany, Arno Allan Penzias pursued his higher education in the United States, earning a Ph.D. in physics from Columbia University in 1962. His groundbreaking research alongside Robert Woodrow Wilson on cosmic microwave background radiation, which provided convincing evidence for the Big Bang theory, earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1978. Penzias' contributions marked a pivotal moment in our understanding of the universe's origin and evolution.