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Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī al-Masʿūdī, known as al-Masʿūdī, was a Persian Muslim historian, geographer, and encyclopedist. He was born in Baghdad, the Abbasid capital, and lived in Egypt, Syria, and the Maghreb during his lifetime. His most famous work is the Muruj al-Dhahab wa Maʿādin al-Jawhar, a universal history from the creation of the world to the 10th century.